What is Tarsal Coalition?

Tarsal coalition is a condition where two or more bones in the foot are abnormally fused, resulting in restricted joint movement and discomfort. The fusion typically occurs between the bones of the midfoot and hindfoot, and it can significantly affect a person’s mobility. In this article, we explore the anatomy, causes, symptoms, and treatment options for tarsal coalition, helping individuals better understand and manage this orthopedic condition.

Anatomy of Tarsal Coalition

The tarsus refers to the cluster of bones in the midfoot and hindfoot, which play a key role in shock absorption and movement. Tarsal coalition primarily affects the calcaneonavicular (CN) and talocalcaneal (TC) joints, leading to abnormal fusion of these bones. The joint’s normal function is compromised as excess bone or fibrous tissue may develop, reducing the foot's flexibility and affecting movement.

Causes of Tarsal Coalition

Tarsal coalition is often congenital, meaning it is present from birth. However, the exact cause of the condition remains unclear. Genetic factors are believed to play a significant role, making certain individuals more predisposed to abnormal bone development. Other potential contributing factors include:

• Genetic Predisposition: Family history plays a crucial role in the development of tarsal coalition.

• Injury or Trauma: Past foot injuries or trauma may contribute to the formation of coalition in susceptible individuals.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Tarsal Coalition

The symptoms of tarsal coalition can vary from mild to severe, with common signs including:

• Foot Pain: Persistent pain in the affected foot, especially during physical activities like walking or running.

• Stiffness and Limited Range of Motion: Individuals may experience reduced flexibility and stiffness in the foot, particularly while moving or engaging in weight-bearing activities.

• Flat Feet: Tarsal coalition may lead to flat feet, which can alter the natural arch of the foot.

• Muscle Fatigue: The abnormal fusion can place extra strain on the surrounding muscles, causing fatigue and discomfort.

Diagnosis of Tarsal Coalition

A comprehensive diagnosis is essential for determining the severity and treatment plan for tarsal coalition. The process typically involves:

• Clinical Evaluation: A healthcare provider will perform a thorough physical exam, reviewing the symptoms and foot structure.

• Imaging Studies: X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans help visualize the affected bones and confirm the diagnosis, providing essential information about the extent of the fusion.

Treatment Options for Tarsal Coalition

The treatment for tarsal coalition depends on the severity of the condition. Options include:

Conservative Treatments

• Rest and Activity Modification: Reducing stress on the affected foot through rest and adjusting activity levels can help manage pain and inflammation.

• Physical Therapy: Exercises designed to strengthen the muscles surrounding the foot and improve flexibility may help manage symptoms.

• Orthotic Devices: Custom orthotic inserts or shoe modifications can provide additional support and enhance foot function, reducing discomfort.

Medications

• NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs): These medications can help alleviate pain and inflammation associated with tarsal coalition.

Surgical Treatment

If conservative treatments do not provide relief, surgery may be necessary. Surgical options include:

• Fusion Surgery: In severe cases, fusion of the joint may be performed to stabilize the affected bones and restore function.

• Osteotomy: This procedure may be considered to realign bones and improve joint mobility.

Post-Surgical Rehabilitation

For those undergoing surgery, rehabilitation is a critical part of recovery:

• Physical Therapy: A tailored rehabilitation plan helps strengthen the ankle and foot, improving mobility and strength.

• Gradual Return to Activity: A gradual reintroduction to normal activities ensures the foot recovers fully, minimizing the risk of complications or re-injury.

Prevention and Long-Term Management

While tarsal coalition cannot always be prevented, certain measures can help manage symptoms:

• Ankle Strengthening Exercises: Regular exercises to strengthen the ankle joint can help improve stability and flexibility.

• Footwear Modifications: Supportive shoes that reduce pressure on the affected area can minimize pain and prevent further damage.

Conclusion

Tarsal coalition is a complex condition that can impact foot function and mobility. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing symptoms and improving quality of life. With appropriate treatment, whether through conservative methods or surgical options, individuals with tarsal coalition can achieve better foot health and restore mobility.

For additional resources on tarsal coalition, visit MedlinePlus Tarsal Coalition Syndrome.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a licensed healthcare provider for advice and treatment. If you suspect a medical emergency, please dial 911 or visit the nearest emergency room. This website make any claims or representations regarding external links.

Who we are: For trusted podiatric care in Orlando, Lake Mary, Altamonte Springs, Longwood, Apopka, turn to Dr. Carli Hoover and Dr. Sean Griffin at Central Florida Foot and Ankle Institute - a physician owned-operated group. From sports injuries to general foot health, our team offers specialized treatments tailored to your needs. Contact us now at 407-307-0006 to schedule your consultation and take the first step toward healthier feet!